In order to create focus, you use the lens of a camera. Using the lens, a focal length can be created -- it measures the power of a lens to bend light rays coming from the subject. Focus is used in order to enlarge details, such as expression or minor objects and making it clear and sharp to the viewer. How far a subject is and how you adjust the lens greatly influences how sharp the image is. When the camera is 'out of focus,' the image is blurry and softer in appearance. When a camera is 'in focus,' it is the opposite: the image is much sharper. Focusing through looking at the viewfinder is preferably. It is usually more accurate and faster to use your own eyes. When the subject is closer to the lens, the farther it has to be from the film plane.
Lighting influences how we understand a scene and how we experience it emotionally. Ir directs the audiences' attention, since we are naturally more drawn to the brighter areas. Lighting also establishes the time frame the scene takes place in. Taking an angle lighting shot gives us the dimension of subjects, creating shadow or flattens it. There are 2 qualities of light: hard, which makes shadows crisper, and soft, which makes the shadows appear gentler. Hard light creates more defined shadows, while soft light can be used as a strategy to hide facial imperfections. Lighting contrast is expressed in ratios called Lighting Contrast Ratio and the results come from a combination of the key light (casts main shadows) and fill light (fills in key's shadows). Sometimes the intensity of light can get in the way. This is why they have reflectors, something white or silver, to help diffuse the light or even practicals (such as a table lamp on a set) to help as well. Using a scrim (circular wire mesh screens that is placed on the front of a lighting unit) are the best way to reduce intensity. Light is defined as a 'form of radiant energy which is visible.'
Colour is created by white light going through a a prism (or prism like object) in order to create hues. The human eye sees 3 colours: red, green and blue. There are 2 ways to make colour: additive (adding light) and subtractive (subtracting light). Additive starts with black and starts adding the reds, greens and blues in order to create white and other colours.Subtractive is the opposite: it starts with white and we subtract cyan, magenta and yellow to create black or others. If you mix colours, they will create another colour, like mixing red and blue will create magenta. Using a filter subtracts light as they put more emphasis on their own colour and takes away from the others. If we use a red filter, it will absorb green and blue, also known as cyan. If we use a cyan filter, it will absorb red, giving more prominence to green and blue.
In order for a video image to work, both light and colour must be used. Without light, there is no colour. Without colour, there is no real impact, depending on the type of video you are creating. You create colour from light, so it is only natural that they would be working together in order to create that final image. It is important to note that depending on what kind of light source you are using, the colour of a subject may appear differently. An example would be under a florescent light, objects will appear a bit more blue. Brightness and the intensity of light depends on how we see colours. If we see a colour against a light background, it will appear dark. If we see that same colour against a dark background, it will appear lighter.
While reading about colour, I felt like my education in art was a lie. This is mainly because of the primary colour aspect. I was taught that the primary colours were what the text said: red, blue and yellow. To find out that you can't use those three colours in order to make all the others just seemed to have baffled me slightly.
Used Ascher and Pincus' The Filmmaker's Handbook as well as the Kodak Light and Colour reading.
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